HOW TO USE GETTERS AND SETTERS IN JAVASCRIPT

In JavaScript, getters and setters are special functions that allow you to control access to an object’s properties. They provide a way to encapsulate the internal state of an object, allowing you to add logic when getting or setting values. Here’s a guide on how to use getters and setters in JavaScript:

1. Creating a Basic Object:

Start by creating a basic JavaScript object. In this example, we’ll create a Person object with name and age properties.

				
					const person = {
  name: 'John Doe',
  age: 25,
};

2. Adding Getters and Setters:

Use the Object.defineProperty method to add getters and setters to your object.

Adding a Getter:

				
					Object.defineProperty(person, 'fullName', {
  get: function() {
    return this.name;
  },
});

Now, when you access person.fullName, it will return the value of person.name

Adding a Setter:

				
					Object.defineProperty(person, 'fullName', {
  get: function() {
    return this.name;
  },
  set: function(value) {
    const [firstName, lastName] = value.split(' ');
    this.name = firstName;
    this.lastName = lastName;
  },
});

Now, when you set person.fullName, it will split the value into first and last names and update the name and lastName properties.

3. Using Getters and Setters:

Now that you’ve added getters and setters, you can interact with your object as follows:

				
					// Using the getter
console.log(person.fullName); // Output: John Doe

// Using the setter
person.fullName = 'Alice Wonderland';
console.log(person.name); // Output: Alice
console.log(person.lastName); // Output: Wonderland

4. Class Syntax (ES6):

With the introduction of ES6 classes, you can also use the get and set keywords directly within a class definition.

				
					class Person {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this._name = name;
    this._age = age;
  }

  // Getter
  get fullName() {
    return this._name;
  }

  // Setter
  set fullName(value) {
    const [firstName, lastName] = value.split(' ');
    this._name = firstName;
    this._lastName = lastName;
  }
}

5. Considerations:

Always remember to prefix private properties with an underscore (e.g., _name) to indicate that they should not be accessed directly.
Getters and setters provide a way to add additional logic or validation when getting or setting a property.
Be cautious about potential side effects when using complex logic within getters and setters.

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